A landmark in the history of science, Francis Galton’s Hereditary Genius (1869) was the first systematic attempt to prove that human mental ability is inherited. Using biographical data and pioneering statistical methods — including what later became known as correlation and regression — Galton examined the families of judges, statesmen, scientists, poets, and other eminent figures to argue that genius runs in bloodlines. This modern edition renders Galton’s original text in clear, contemporary English while preserving its full argument, data, and Victorian insight. Readers will encounter a work that helped launch the nature–nurture debate, introduced concepts still central to psychology and genetics, and inspired a powerful but troubling social movement. Whether you approach it as a scientific classic, a historical document, or a cautionary tale, Hereditary Genius remains an essential, provocative read. Part of The Modern Wisdom Library.