This textbook is intended for educational purposes for healthcare professionals and students in clinical training. The content provided is based on current medical evidence and major societal guidelines as of 2026. However, this book does not replace point-of-care clinical judgment, professional experience, or institutional protocols. Clinical medicine is inherently dynamic, and individual patient care must be tailored to specific clinical contexts. The authors and publishers assume no liability for any injury or damage to persons or property arising from the application of the information contained herein. Always consult the most recent institutional guidelines and your own clinical expertise when managing critically ill patients.